Overall Development Of Society Research Articles

Exploring Issues and Strategies of Rural Land Use and Environmental Protection

  Land resources play a crucial role in the overall development of society, but the irrational exploitation and use of these resources have significant adverse effects on the natural ecological environment, which is detrimental to the effective construction of a harmonious society. There is an inseparable relationship between rural land use and ecological security, and in current rural land use practices, environmental protection issues are increasingly emphasized. In some rural areas, in pursuit of short-term economic benefits, the importance of environmental protection is often overlooked, leading to excessive development and use of land resources, posing a great threat to the sustainable development of rural society. The reduction of vegetation signifies a deterioration of the ecological environment, and soil erosion leads to a decrease in land resources and a decline in land productivity, while soil degradation directly affects the growth of crops and the income of farmers. Therefore, it is essential to integrate environmental protection concepts throughout the entire process of rural land use. In the development and utilization of land resources, environmental protection requirements must be fully considered, adopting scientific and reasonable planning and measures to ensure the full utilization of land resources and achieve sustainable development of rural society.

Role of Teachers and Parents in Facilitating Educational Opportunities and Accessibility to PWD Students

Education is fundamental for the overall development of society and nation. Every individual irrespective of their sex, caste, religion, or any form of disabilities deserves an equal right to attend formal education system and to learn together. Despite of various policies and programmes adopted by the government to enhance educational opportunities, the PWD students do not always get opportunity to learn in mainstream education due to ineffective implementation of policies and programmes. Hence, adequate involvement of teachers and parents is essential in addressing the various learning needs of the PWD students. The role of both teachers and parents cannot be ignored for facilitating the educational opportunities to the PWD students, to achieve their educational welfare and better learning outcomes in the long run. Thus, quality education helps to enable such students to gain proper learning experiences for their future livelihoods. The present paper aims to study the major roles of the teachers and the parents to increase proper educational accessibility of PWD students.

Forest Thought in the Stage of Forest Industrial Utilization

The rise of modern science has brought about "The Disenchantment of the World" summarized by Max Weber. Disenchantment means a fundamental change in the way of understanding the world. Scientific discourse with rationalization as its essential feature has replaced religious discourse with faith as its essential feature and has become the most dominant world view. Disenchantment shows the basic characteristics and trends of the overall development of society. It strips away the mysterious meaning of the world by criticizing the construction of the world by the subjective spirit, and uses scientific and technological rationality to present the structure and appearance of the world. In this process, the world becomes an object to be understood and transformed by "I", rather than a community that shares weal and woe. Descartes' metaphysical dualism and mechanism established the main view of nature at this stage. Nature has become a huge and complex mechanical system, and mathematics and geometry are the most effective tools to describe mechanical systems. In an era when the world has become a machine, forests have also lost their subject status and become objects to be analyzed mathematically; at this stage, forests exist as "resources" in more and more places. Then people become users and beneficiaries of resources, and forests become the objects of human management and use. Scientific methods have become the main method in all fields of society. Forests that conform to mathematical ideals have become standard forests. Forests that were originally wild have become huge laboratories, filled with mathematical rules and human utility.

Contributions of strategies to self-help groups’ participation in the sustainability of household livelihoods in Nyakach Sub-County, Kisumu County, Keny

Self-Help Groups (SHGs) adopt joint liability lending schemes to access the poor financial resources. Among the rural poor households, access to SHG micro-credit enables households acquire assets of social and economic importance. Members build social and economic capital as well benefit group synergy. Notwithstanding, poverty levels in some regions in Kenya, especially the Nyakach Sub-County remains high despite several SHGs. Approximately 800 registered SHGs were in Nyakach Sub-County by 2023 engaging in different social and economic endeavours. Food insecurity, poverty, environmental degradation, poor technology and general insecurity manifest in the sub county. It contrasts evidence of other developed countries across the globe, especially parts of Asia and Europe that self-help groups have positively influenced the overall development of society. The study explored the contributions of strategies to SHGs’ participation influence the livelihoods of households in Nyakach Sub County, Kenya. By using Questionnaires, gathered quantitative data from the respondents was analysed and presented in descriptive statistics while Pearson Correlation Analysis measured the relationship between the variables. The study found that strategies like education and entrepreneurial training, group lending and partnerships, networks and SHG-facilitated bookkeeping and business skills influenced the members’ active participation for enhanced livelihoods. Improving participation in SHGs was found to have a high and significant influence on the sustainability of the livelihood of members’ households. The study recommends to the government for development of legislative regulations on participation and protection of SHGs from operational and performance risks.

THE OTHER: ДЕСТИГМАТИЗАЦІЯ КАТЕГОРІЇ "ІНШИЙ" КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ РОМАНУ ДЖОНА ВІНДЕМА "ЛЯЛЕЧКИ"

Background.The article explores the bibliotherapeutic analysis of John Wyndham's novel "The Chrysalids," portraying a pedantic post-apocalyptic society of the future shaped by the ideology of its superiority. This society is framed against the backdrop of physical "perfection" and a conviction in the unconditional necessity of eliminating otherness driven by fear. Methods. The concept of the "norm" is scrutinized using cultural-historical, comparative, and psychoanalytic methods to shed light on the evolution of societal perceptions of normalcy and its impact on individuals. An effort is made to unveil the issues of stigmatization arising from deviations from widely accepted norms and the problems associated with such social policies. In his novel, Wyndham emphasizes the baselessness of certain societal practices within specific communities that lead to violence and the proliferation of hatred and fear. Results. The novel's exploration of the relative nature of norms enables an examination of the issue through Richard Hudson's theory of societal standards and deviations. This occurs against the backdrop of constant modifications to these norms, leading to the erosion of the concept's structure and, consequently, the potential for oppressing those who fall outside defined boundaries. The author's unique contribution lies in attempting to discredit the dominance of the "norm" concept and, consequently, resisting the stigmatization of deviations from it. This is due to the potential harm they pose to human life and the overall development of society, especially in the context of wartime and post-war periods. Conclusion. The article argues for incorporating the novel into the "Foreign Literature" curriculum in secondary schools, emphasizing its therapeutic potential within the Ukrainian context. In a climate where injuries and various types of physical and mental trauma are becoming more widespread daily, impacting both the military and civilian populations, inclusion is particularly crucial for children and adolescents. This demographic is especially susceptible as their moral values are still formative and can be easily influenced.

(Invited) Performance Improvement and Potential Applications of Ultrathin Organic Solar Cells

Flexible and thin photovoltaics can supply a variety of applications such as power sources for wearable electronics and soft robots. We reduce the total thickness of such organic photovoltaics down to several μm, which enables extreme bendability and lightweight properties. The important parameters include high efficiency and stability in ambient air conditions. Here we show our recent progress with ultra-thin organic solar cells and potential applications for wearable electronics and soft robots.The current best power conversion efficiency (PCE) for ultrathin organic solar cells is 15.8% reported by ourselves1). We have solved the specific issues behind the usage of ultrathin substrate films to achieve almost comparable PCE with those using normal flexible organic solar cells. One specific technology is the usage of polymer films having good thermal stability and smooth surface roughness2). Another important technology is the development of stable charge carrier injection layers and interfaces at the active layer. The state-of-the-art active layer materials such as PM6:Y6 is known not to be stable in ambient air and other environmental stresses. We verified the degradation occurred by the diffusion of Zn atoms from the conventional electron-transport layer (ETL) of ZnO obtained from the sol-gel process to the active layer, and solved it by replacing the ETL with more stable organic/inorganic hybrid material1,3). Such improved ETL and interface achieved highly balanced performance and stability, enabling good PCE on ultrathin substrates.We improved both PCE and environmental stabilities simultaneously. The stabilities include mechanical robustness3), water-proof property4), thermal stability2), and storage stability in ambient air5). Material development and process engineering enable such improved stabilities. In addition, such environmental stability can offer another practical usage. Our ultrathin solar cells have excellent thermal stability up to 120 ℃. This is capable of the hot-melt process which is a mature technology for the apparel industry. We can adhere our ultrathin organic solar cells directly onto textiles with such hot-melt films without any degraded performances. Apart from the improvement of the performance of ultrathin organic solar cells, we are focusing on how to implement such flexible devices onto three-dimensional surfaces5).We demonstrated some potential applications using our ultrathin organic solar cells used as a power source for wearable sensor applications7,8). We fabricated ultrathin organic solar cell modules and sensors. The sensor was powered by the solar cells under light illumination and monitored electrocardiogram signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio. In addition to this, we also demonstrated rechargeable cyborg insects9). In this research, we adhered our ultrathin organic solar cells onto a living insect abdomen and demonstrated a recharging wireless locomotion control system.We are focusing on both performance improvements of ultrathin organic solar cells and the integration of these cells to supply power to wearable electronics. By accelerating system-level integration research in the next decade to meet the required specifications of appropriate target applications, ultrathin organic solar cells will solve the problems associated with the supply of power for various electronics and will contribute to the overall development of society.1) S. Xiong et al., Adv. Sci. 2022, 9, 2105288.2) X. Xu et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2018, 115, 4589.3) F. Qin et al., Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 4508 .4) H. Jinno et al., Nat. Energy 2017, 2, 780.5) Z. Jiang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2020, 117, 6391.6) S. I. Rich, S. Lee, K. Fukuda, and T. Someya, 2022, 34, 2106683.7) S. Park et al., Nature 2018, 561, 516.8) H. Jinno et al., Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 2234.9) Y. Kakei et al., npj Flex. Electron. 2022, 6, 78. Figure 1

Long-term energy-environment-economic programming under carbon neutrality target: a study on China’s regional energy transition pathways and CO2 mitigation strategies

ABSTRACT Carbon neutrality is one of the key issues in mitigating global climate change. The carbon neutrality process accelerates the global energy transformation from fossil energy to renewable energy. Among the main indicators related to carbon neutrality proposed by the Chinese government, those directly related to energy include carbon emission intensity, the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption, and the total installed capacity of wind and solar power generation. It can be seen that the transformation of energy development is crucial for realizing carbon neutrality. Meanwhile, the correlation between carbon neutrality and economic development is not antagonistic. On the contrary, carbon neutrality can not only enhance the quality and efficiency of traditional industries but also improve the overall development of society. Therefore, the coordinated and sustainable developments of the energy - economy- environment (3E) system is the priority for achieving the target of carbon neutrality. However, the impact of carbon neutrality on regional development requires long-term consideration, which increases the difficulties of comprehensive planning. In this study, a long-term comprehensive programming model of regional energy and economic development under carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets was established. A carbon neutrality assessment indicator (CNAI) framework was constructed to assess the effect of carbon neutrality actions in different regions. Meanwhile, a LEAP model was developed to simulate energy demand and carbon emissions. The multi-target weights determined by assessment results of CNAI and the parameters range set by LEAP model were the basis of the multi-objective optimization model to support regional development. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied to Shaanxi province in China, which offered quantitative targets and suggestions for energy structure transformation and industrial structure adjustment. The results show that coal and oil will account for 6.25% of the total energy consumption and the proportion of secondary industry will drop to 25.40% by 2060. The method established in this study provides a new scientific approach for resolving multi-objective trade-offs in long-term programming and determining a reasonable optimization range for regional development under climate mitigation policies.

Firm's Intelligent Manufacturing Strategy and R&D Expenditures

Intelligent manufacturing strategy becomes important and influential as the development trend of advanced manufacturing systems. This study examines the impact of firm's intelligent manufacturing on managers' R&D investment decisions from the perspective of strategic transformation. Moreover, we assess whether this impact is moderated by CEO tenure and government subsidies. Based on a sample of 7,522 firm-year observations in Chinese listed manufacturing firms from 2015-2019, we construct a more detailed measurement of intelligent manufacturing strategy by conducting textual analysis of Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) report to obtain the information of firms' implementing intelligent manufacturing. Our empirical findings show that firms' intelligent manufacturing strategies are positively related with R&D expenditures after controlling for other firm characteristics that would affect R&D expenditures, consistent with the notion that managers increase R&D investment for the realization of intelligent manufacturing strategy to achieve corporate profitability and their self-worth enhancement. Furthermore, we find that this positive relationship is more pronounced in firms with longer CEO tenure, suggesting that CEOs have a higher investment success rate and solid organizational identity with the increase of their tenure. We also find that government subsidies positively moderate the relationship between intelligent manufacturing strategy and R&D expenditures, which reveals the positive role government subsidies play in alleviating firms' financing constraint and thus helping management have enough funds to invest. The results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests, including a propensity score matching method, alternative R&D investment measures as well as controlling for other innovation impact. In additional analyses, we find that intelligent manufacturing strategy enhances the level of innovation output by promoting firms' R&D investment, confirming the mediating effect of R&D investment in the relationship between intelligent manufacturing strategy and innovation performance. Overall, our findings are consistent with the view that intelligent manufacturing strategy improves manager's incentives and resulting more investment in innovation. Given that R&D is an activity under the purview of management subject to incentives and is of great interest to firms' long-term benefit and the overall development of society, our findings should be of great interest to management, investors, and regulators.

Fallibilism Theory and the Fate of Knowledge Progress in (Igbo) African Society: A Conversation with Amaechi Udefi

The Igbo knowledge system articulated by Amaechi Udefi is insufficient to ensure knowledge progress as opposed to the system found in fallibilism theory. The reason is that there is a level of intellectual openness fallibilism theory guarantees that is not found in Udefi’s thought. This paper aims to do a comparative study of fallibilism theory (using Karl Popper’s falsifiability theory) and Udefi’s account of the Igbo knowledge system. The study also investigates to what extent each knowledge system can ensure knowledge growth and development. The significance of this study is to highlight the importance of knowledge progress in the overall development of society. This paper argues that even though Udefi and Popper were reasoning from different cultural environments, Popper’s falsifiability theory is more open to knowledge progress than Udefi’s Igbo knowledge system. The expository, historical, comparative and evaluative methods were used. 

ANALISA STRATEGI MENGEMBANGKAN BAHAN AJAR UNTUK MEMAHAMI PEMBELAJARAN MATA PELAJARAN SEJARAH LOKAL

The learning success of a student is influenced by many factors both from internal factors such as learning motivation from the students themselves and external factors such as the environment and professionalism of a teacher. history is a branch of science that researches and systematically investigates the overall development of society, past events, and critically evaluates the results of the research. The development of historical teaching materials with the hope of increasing the achievements and abilities of historical research has several stages as follows: (1) Initial analysis; (2) Product Design; (3) Development; (4) Field trials. In history lessons, students are expected to be able to extrapolate facts that existed in the past so that they are used for future learning until they know the benefits of history. Historical learning is based on several things, namely: (1) knowledge and understanding of terms, concepts, facts and events: (2) critical thinking, students can develop practical skills of students in understanding historical facts; (3) must be able to develop students' skills in understanding history practically; (4) developing talent interest in history learning; (5) develop healthy social behavior.

AI-Based Publicity Strategies for Medical Colleges: A Case Study of Healthcare Analysis.

The health status and cognition of undergraduates, especially the scientific concept of healthcare, are particularly important for the overall development of society and themselves. The survey shows that there is a significant lack of knowledge about healthcare among undergraduates in medical college, even among medical undergraduates, not to mention non-medical undergraduates. Therefore, it is a good way to publicize healthcare lectures or electives for undergraduates in medical college, which can strengthen undergraduates' cognition of healthcare and strengthen the concept of healthcare. In addition, undergraduates' emotional and mental state in healthcare lectures or electives can be analyzed to determine whether undergraduates have hidden illnesses and how well they understand the healthcare content. In this study, at first, a mental state recognition method of undergraduates in medical college based on data mining technology is proposed. Then, the vision-based expression and posture are used for expanding the channels of emotion recognition, and a dual-channel emotion recognition model based on artificial intelligence (AI) during healthcare lectures or electives in a medical college is proposed. Finally, the simulation is driven by TensorFlow with respect to mental state recognition of undergraduates in medical college and emotion recognition. The simulation results show that the recognition accuracy of mental state recognition of undergraduates in a medical college is more than 92%, and the rejection rate and misrecognition rate are very low, and false match rate and false non-match rate of mental state recognition is significantly better than the other three benchmarks. The emotion recognition of the dual-channel emotion recognition method is over 96%, which effectively integrates the emotional information expressed by facial expressions and postures.

Short Term Entrepreneurship Development Program Module for women Self Help Group members

Purpose: The main aim of the paper is to present the Entrepreneurship Development Program which is specially designed for the sustainable growth of women entrepreneurs in urban area.Approach: This program is specially designed for the women Self Help Group members those are interested to start business in their locality.Findings: The fieldwork gave a generalized overview of the thought process of women towards business orientation, their acceptance, and their willingness to generate employment for themselves and others. They are playing a pivotal role in the overall development of society and should be given advanced training for business expansions and skill development.Paper Limitations: This program is specially designed for the women those are semi littered or not attended the formal schooling program. This program is specially designed more giving practical information rather than theory.Originality/Value: The program can be utilized for the overall development of various sectors and the concept can be implemented for redesigning and innovating the current business overview. Many women entrepreneurs cannot spend one month time to attend the regular Entrepreneurship training programs. This short term program will give them information to start business at smaller case.

INFORMAL PEACE-BUILDING ENHANCERS: THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN COLONIAL UZAIRUE LAND, NIGERIA, 1897-1960

This paper examines the roles played by women in the maintenance and sustenance of a peaceful society through the development of informal socio-economic institutions in colonial Uzairue land. It notes that the roles played by women in this regard have not received adequate scholarly attention. It further explores a socio-political overview of colonial Uzairue land, women in Uzairue worldview, and gender (women) theories, stereotypes and roles in Uzairue land. It uses the qualitative historical method which is narrative, descriptive and analytical. The data used for this research were derived from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data were derived from oral interviews through oral discussions and interactions (by this researcher), with selected interviewees during fieldwork in Uzairue land. The secondary data were obtained from relevant published materials including books and journal articles. This research examines the role of women in Uzairue land in the provision of a peaceful society, and the encouragement of socio-economic progress, through the provision of health care services, occupational and economic ventures. It views the concept of peace-building as efforts, techniques and approaches aimed at preventing conflicts, achieving durable peace, and stabilizing society politically and socio-economically. This study concludes that the instinctive roles of women as caregivers, comforters, peacemakers, and home keepers, and their respective participation and specialization in the provision of health care services, among other socio-economic ventures, undoubtedly encouraged the mutual and peaceful development of colonial Uzairue land. It demonstrates therefore that women are intrinsically linked with the peace-building process and overall development of society, and that they should be accorded high regards even in the contemporary period.

Integrisanje rodne ravnopravnosti u društveni i privredni razvoj

Public policies in the field of gender equality start from the multisectoral nature of this area, which requires the integration of a gender perspective into public policies in all areas of social life. It is also the obligation of the state prescribed by the Constitution of Serbia to pursue a policy of equal opportunities and take measures in order to create an environment in which women and men equally decide on issues important for their position and the development of society. In this context, the new approach to public policies in which the development of society is projected and measures important for overcoming the gender gap and achieving gender equality are reflected through two indicators, which are listed in this paper. Starting from these premises, the new Law on Gender Equality and the National Strategy for Gender Equality link gender equality to development issues as a factor in encouraging the overall development of society, which includes sustainable development for all. These policy documents set the framework and opportunities for comprehensive gender mainstreaming in areas where this has been lacking so far.

PERCEÇÃO DE GANHOS DE AUTONOMIA EM ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM

O ensino superior não deve ignorar que deve pensar-se como integrando um sistema educativo e que, como tal, deve abarcar um amplo conjunto de aspetos que influenciam não só o desenvolvimento pessoal e social do aluno mas, também, o desenvolvimento global da sociedade, que obviamente, depende dos conhecimentos científicos e técnicos mas igualmente da qualidade do desenvolvimento psicossocial dos que frequentam as instituições universitárias ou equivalentes. A presente investigação pretende dar um contributo para a compreensão de uma das dimensões do desenvolvimento psicossocial – a autonomia – investigando alguns dos fatores pessoais e contextuais que possam contribuir para uma melhor compreensão sobre esta dimensão do desenvolvimento dos estudantes de enfermagem. Participaram no presente estudo1029 estudantes que frequentavam os quatro anos do Curso de Licenciatura de Enfermagem, sendo 85.5% do sexo feminino e 14.7% do sexo masculino. A média de idades foi de 20.8 anos (DP=3.34). Os resultados sugerem que os estudantes tendem a revelar um sentimento de pertença e integração na instituição por eles frequentada e perceber o ambiente institucional como estimulante, ainda que, neste estudo, sobressaia um envolvimento especialmente virado às atividades que mais se relacionam com os estudos especificamente do curso e menos com as extracurriculares.

Original

Literacy is an important indicator of human resource development. It is crucial for the overall development of society as it has the potential to increase human capital, removes inequality from society, affects the growth of employment opportunities, and above all liberates them from social evil. As in the development process, both men and women play an equally crucial role but the fruits of development are not equally shared among them. Therefore the study of literacy and its differential on the gender of an area is indispensable. According to Census (2011), literacy rate of India is 74.04% out of which the male literacy rate is 82.14% and female literacy rate is 65.46% and has a huge gender gap of 16.60% while at the state level in Uttar Pradesh this gender gap figure amounts to 20.10%. From a population point of view Uttar Pradesh is a very important state of the country as 16.17% of India's population lives in the state and as literacy is one of the important measures of any region's human resource development. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the Gender disparity present in the literacy level of Uttar Pradesh. For this Gender-Related Educational Development Index (GEDI) has been used on the lines of Human Development Index of UNDPto measure the disparity level. The paper uses the data of two consecutive census i.e. 2001-2011 to measure the GEDI both in a spatial and temporal context. It is found that the state has improved as the GEDI value increased from 0.530 in 2001 to 0.662 in 2011, showing that there still exists a disparity which needs to be reduced.

Tensor Deep Learning Model for Heterogeneous Data Fusion in Internet of Things

With the rapid evolvement of the Internet and data acquisition technology as well as the continuous advancement of science and technology, the amount of data in many fields has reached the level of terabyte or petabyte and most data collection comes from the Internet of Things (IoT). The rapid advancement of IoT big data has provided valuable opportunities for the development of people in all areas of society. At the same time, it has also brought severe challenges to various types of current information processing systems. Effectively using the big data technology, discovering the hidden laws in big data, tapping the potential value of big data, and predicting the development trend of things to allocate resources more reasonably will promote the overall development of society. However, most of the IoT big data are presented as heterogeneous data, with high dimensions, different forms of expression, and a lot of redundant information. The current machine learning model works in vector space, which makes it impossible to gain big data features because vectors cannot simulate the highly nonlinear distribution of IoT big data. This paper presents a deep learning calculation model called tensor deep learning (TDL), which further improves big data feature learning and high-level feature fusion. It uses tensors to model the complexity of multisource heterogeneous data and extends the vector space data to the tensor space, when feature extraction in the tensor space is included. To fully understand the underlying data distribution, the tensor distance is adopted as the average square sum error term of the output layer reconstruction error. Based on the conventional back-propagation algorithm, this study proposes a high-order back-propagation algorithm to extend the data from the linear space to multiple linear space and train the parameters of the proposed model. Then, to evaluate its performance, the proposed TDL model is compared with the stacked auto encoder and the multimodal deep learning model. Furthermore, experiments are performed on two representative datasets, namely CUAVE and STL-10. Experimental results show that the proposed model not only excels in heterogeneous data fusion but also provides a higher recognition accuracy than the conventional deep learning model or the multimodal learning model for big data.

Political Rights of Women between the Empowerment of the Legal Text and the Marginalization of the Actual Reality: Case Study of Algerian Legislation and International Conventions.

Algeria provided for a set of legal mechanisms, which would strike a balance in political representation between men and women. Despite all the efforts made to enable women to contribute to the development of society, their political participation has not reached the level of national legislation and international conventions due to many obstacles to their effective implementation. Therefore, the study aims to determine the suitability of legislation with what is enshrined in the actual reality of the political rights of women, and the disclosure of the extent of Algerian legislation cope with what is supported in international conventions on women's political rights. Perhaps this leads us to address the questions posed by the study are: How can the state to consolidate the political rights of women on the ground? What are the mechanisms for protecting these rights under the legal system? Is Algerian legislation in line with what is enshrined and adopted in international conventions and conventions on the political rights of women as an effective component of the overall development of society?

FILLING AND PURPOSE OF MULTIMEDIA EDUCATIONAL TOOLS OF CULTURAL CONTENT

The article explores the use of information and communication technologies in higher education. This corresponds to the key trends in the overall development of society, its globalization and informatization. ICT tools used in the professional growth of future culturologists necessarily contain multimedia content that depends on the specifics of artistic and cultural educational tools. The methods used were non-graphic analysis, which made it possible to analyze the multimedia educational tools of cultural content available on the network; the content criterion selected contends their functional purpose. The concept of “multimedia” in modern science is defined as an information technology, which combines various types of information resources in one software product: texts, illustrations, audio and video information.Justified: multimedia technology has become a typical feature of the 21st century art and appropriate teaching aids. A large number of educational multimedia publications on cultural content are currently in place. The classification of multimedia teaching aids for the preparation of future culturologists is made according to the criteria of content and functional purpose: information and reference multimedia publications on culture and various arts; multimedia means of educational-gaming purposes of cultural-related subjects for children (preschoolers and junior pupils); multimedia textbooks on “Arts Culture” for schooling and electronic textbooks (manuals) on cultural studies and various forms of art for higher education; artistic skills trainers. Examples of multimedia teaching materials of each group are given.

DIVORCE OF A MARRIAGE IN A MODERN SOCIETY

Divorce is widespread in today's society, with at least fifty percent of marriages ending in divorce. Over time, society has learned to adapt and reconstruct family life and its functioning. Child rearing is no longer the only factor contributing to the success of a society, and other institutions have now begun to play a bigger role. In modern society, more emphasis is placed on others, such as education, which determines the achievements of the individual which in turn influence the success of a society. However, divorce is still considered taboo because it has negative terms associated with it. The home that went through the divorce process is known as the "broken" home. Despite this negative outlook, more than half of marriages end in divorce. If analyzed from a historical point of view, the reasons for divorce change from time to time. As a matter of fact, from that point of view, the overall development of society at different times, and we can also conclude that the relations within the family and between the two spouses are progressively changing. This phenomenon begins with the marriage itself as a moral, social and legal act and as a natural process, bearing in mind the fact that everything that is born will one day die and that everything that is created in a single time will one day dissolve. The reasons for the birth of the first marriage and the institution of divorce are numerous and varied in nature, ranging from those that are personal and moral-emotional, to the specific socio-cultural development of individuals or different ethnic groups, to other interests. which are numerous and often complicated. Historically, and based on other data, it appears that, depending on the countries themselves and the different civilizations, as well as the different time periods, the reasons for divorce are different; they are often very banal, ranging from occasional resentment, often to a man to a woman, some carelessness in the household, or some word utterly insulting male pride, to other reasons that are closely linked to moral code to some ethnic community or to some civilization. However, and regardless of the circumstances, the most severe consequences, often with severe consequences for their further emotional and psychological development, will be born by the children throughout their lives. With this acceptance, individuals may not perceive divorce as a threat to society because it alters social norms within a culture, as the negative effects are not solely caused by divorce, believing that there are other contributing factors.